Introduction
Wine authentication is a growing field in enology, as the identification of grape varieties and regions of origin plays a crucial role in ensuring product quality and preventing fraud. A recent study by Tzachristas et al. (2021) utilized LC-MS-based metabolomics to classify Greek white wines, including those made from Savatiano, and distinguish them based on their chemical composition.
Methodology
The research analyzed 97 monovarietal white wines from four indigenous Greek grape varieties: Assyrtiko, Moschofilero, Malagouzia, and Savatiano. The study used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) to identify and quantify 22 key metabolites, while another 79 compounds were identified using a specialized screening method.
To analyze and classify the wines, researchers applied random forest algorithms to determine distinct biomarkers that could serve as indicators of the grape variety used.
Results and Findings
The metabolomics approach successfully differentiated wines based on varietal origin.
Specific biomarkers unique to Savatiano and other varieties were identified.
The classification model showed high accuracy in predicting the grape variety, demonstrating the potential of metabolomics in wine authentication.
Key Metabolites in Savatiano Wines
While the study identified 22 targeted metabolites across all wine samples, the most relevant metabolites for Savatiano wines include:
Organic acids (such as tartaric and malic acid)
Phenolic compounds (such as flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids)
Volatile aroma compounds (such as esters and higher alcohols)
Unique Biomarkers for Savatiano
The biomarkers that significantly differentiate Savatiano from other Greek white wine varieties were identified using random forest algorithm analysis. These include:
Specific polyphenols that contribute to its light-bodied structure and oxidative stability
Higher concentrations of certain organic acids, making it distinct from more aromatic varieties like Assyrtiko
A unique balance of ester and aldehyde compounds, influencing its mild floral and fruity aromas
Conclusion
This study highlights how advanced metabolomics techniques can enhance wine authentication by identifying unique chemical signatures. The findings could help winemakers, regulatory bodies, and consumers ensure product integrity and combat mislabeling in the wine industry.
📖 Reference: (Tzachristas et al., 2021)
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